Managed DirectX Camera Issue

Question

Я немного новичок в библиотеке DirectX, и мне интересно, может ли кто-нибудь помочь мне с проблемой камеры. В моей основной форме я загружаю набор многоугольных данных, представляющих трехмерный объект, а затем передаю эти многоугольные данные в другую форму и хочу нарисовать многоугольник как список треугольников. К сожалению, я, похоже, не могу заставить камеру либо 1) иметь надлежащий просмотр усечения, либо 2) получить камеру для правильной фокусировки и размера изображения. Данные многоугольника загружаются как данные мировых координат.

Ниже приведен код, который инициализирует вторичную форму, Directx, камера и т.д.

#region Public Members 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Default Constructor. 
    /// </summary> 
    public STLViewer() 
    { 
     // Set the form size, form text, icon 
     this.ClientSize = new Size(500, 500); 
     this.Text = "Object Name: " + stlFile.SolidName + ", Polygon Count: " + stlFile.GetPolygons().Count; 
     this.Icon = RetrieveFormIcon(); 

     // Change our drawing style so there is no drawing happening outside our main form 
     this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true); 

     // Get our vertex data in a prepared format 
     verts = PrepareObjectForRender(); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// This function is responsible for retrieving the specified 
    /// icon from the assembly. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <returns>Form icon</returns> 
    private Icon RetrieveFormIcon() 
    { 
     Assembly assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); 
     Stream str = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(icon); 

     return new Icon(str); 
    } 

    #endregion 

    #region Main Line 

    public static void Main() 
    { 
     // Create our form object 
     STLViewer stlViewer = new STLViewer(); 

     // Initialize D3D 
     if (stlViewer.InitializeDirect3D() == false) 
     { 
      MessageBox.Show("Could not initialize Direct3D.", "Error"); 
      return; 
     } 

     // Display our form 
     stlViewer.Show(); 

     // Main message loop 
     while (stlViewer.Created) 
     { 
      // Keep rendering the image until the form is terminated 
      //stlViewer.Render(); 

      // Handle aall events here: keyboard, mouse, etc. 
      Application.DoEvents(); 
     } 
    } 

    #endregion 

    #region Rendering 

    protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) 
    { 
     if (directXDevice.RenderState.FillMode == FillMode.Solid) 
     { 
      directXDevice.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.WireFrame; 
     } 

     // Clear the window to black 
     directXDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.Black, 1.0f, 0); 

     // Setup the camera for viewing 
     SetupCamera(); 

     // Begin the rendering process 
     directXDevice.BeginScene(); 

     // Set the vertext format 
     directXDevice.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format; 

     // Draw our vertices 
     directXDevice.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, stlFile.GetPolygons().Count, verts); 

     // End rendering and present the drawing to the screen 
     directXDevice.EndScene(); 
     directXDevice.Present(); 

     // Force our form to refresh its viewing area 
     this.Invalidate(); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// This function is responsible for rendering the image 
    /// to the screen. 
    /// </summary> 
    private void Render() 
    { 
     // IF we cannot connect to a device then return 
     if (directXDevice == null) 
     { 
      return; 
     } 

     // Get our vertex data in a prepared format 
     CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts = PrepareObjectForRender(); 

     // Clear the window to black 
     directXDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.Black, 1.0f, 0); 

     // Setup the camera for viewing 
     SetupCamera(); 

     // Begin the rendering process 
     directXDevice.BeginScene(); 

     // Set the vertext format 
     directXDevice.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format; 

     // Draw our vertices 
     directXDevice.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, stlFile.GetPolygons().Count, verts); 

     // End rendering and present the drawing to the screen 
     directXDevice.EndScene(); 
     directXDevice.Present(); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// This function is responsible for creating the necessary 
    /// DirectX objects, setting the vertices and normals, colors 
    /// and/or materials for the object so we can draw it in the 
    /// form. 
    /// </summary> 
    private CustomVertex.PositionColored[] PrepareObjectForRender() 
    { 
     // List to hold our colored vertices 
     List<CustomVertex.PositionColored> vertices = new List<CustomVertex.PositionColored>(); 

     // List to hold our polygons, contained within the STL file 
     List<Polygon.Polygon> polygons = stlFile.GetPolygons(); 

     // Create a custom vertex that will be used to hold our vertices 
     CustomVertex.PositionColored custVert = new CustomVertex.PositionColored(); 

     // Iterate through our polygons and pulled a vertex list 
     for (int i = 0; i < polygons.Count; i++) 
     { 
      // Set the position and color of our 1st vertex in our polygon, add it to our list 
      custVert.Position = new Vector3((float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints1()[0], 
       (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints1()[1], (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints1()[2]); 
      custVert.Color = Color.YellowGreen.ToArgb(); 
      vertices.Add(custVert); 

      // Set the position and color of our 2nd vertex in our polygon, add it to our list 
      custVert.Position = new Vector3((float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints2()[0], 
       (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints2()[1], (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints2()[2]); 
      custVert.Color = Color.YellowGreen.ToArgb(); 
      vertices.Add(custVert); 

      // Set the position and color of our 3rd vertex in our polygon, add it to our list 
      custVert.Position = new Vector3((float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints3()[0], 
       (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints3()[1], (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints3()[2]); 
      custVert.Color = Color.YellowGreen.ToArgb(); 
      vertices.Add(custVert); 
     } 

     // Cast our list to an array of vertices 
     CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts = vertices.ToArray(); 

     return verts; 
    } 

    #endregion 

    #region Initialization & Configuration 

    private bool InitializeDirect3D() 
    { 
     bool retVal = false; 

     try 
     { 
      // Create a new PresentParameters object so our device knows how to display 
      PresentParameters pps = new PresentParameters(); 

      // Display in a windowed mode 
      pps.Windowed = true; 

      // After the current screen is draw, discard it from memory 
      pps.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; 

      // Create the new D3D Device and set our PresentParameters within 
      directXDevice = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, 
       CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, pps); 

      // Use wireframe as our drawing mode 
      directXDevice.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.WireFrame; 

      retVal = true; 
     } 
     catch (DirectXException e) 
     { 
      // Display our error message 
      MessageBox.Show(e.ToString(), "Error"); 

      retVal = false; 
     } 

     return retVal; 
    } 

    private void SetupCamera() 
    { 
     directXDevice.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH(1.85f, 
(float)(this.Width/this.Height), 1.0f, 1.00f); 

     directXDevice.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f), 
      new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); 

     directXDevice.RenderState.Lighting = false; 
    } 

    #endregion 

Answer 1

было несколько мелких вещей из места и нашел учебник по drunkenhyena, что я забыл о, что помогло мне через оставшуюся часть пути.

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Windows.Forms; 
using System.Drawing; 
using System.IO; 
using System.Reflection; 
using Polygon; 
using STL; 
using Microsoft.DirectX; 
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D; 

namespace STLView 
{ 
    public class STLViewer : Form 
    { 
     #region Private Members 

     #region DirectX Objects 

     /// <summary> 
     /// DirectX Device object that will allow us to perform drawing 
     /// </summary> 
     private Device directXDevice = null; 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Array of vertices that will hold our Polygon vertices 
     /// </summary> 
     private static CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts; 

     #endregion 

     #region STL Viewer Specific Objects 

     /// <summary> 
     /// String to hold the name of the path in the assembly for our form icon 
     /// </summary> 
     private static string icon = "STLView.Resources.Symbol17.ico"; 

     /// <summary> 
     /// STLFile object that will be used to draw the object 
     /// </summary> 
     public static STLFile stlFile; 

     #endregion 

     #endregion 

     #region Public Members 

     /// <summary> 
     /// Default Constructor. 
     /// </summary> 
     public STLViewer() 
     { 
      // Set the form size, form text, icon 
      this.ClientSize = new Size(800, 600); 
      this.Text = "Object Name: " + stlFile.SolidName + ", Polygon Count: " + stlFile.GetPolygons().Count; 
      this.Icon = RetrieveFormIcon(); 

      // Change our drawing style so there is no drawing happening outside our main form 
      this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true); 

      // Get our vertex data in a prepared format 
      verts = PrepareObjectForRender(); 
     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// This function is responsible for retrieving the specified 
     /// icon from the assembly. 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>Form icon</returns> 
     private Icon RetrieveFormIcon() 
     { 
      Assembly assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); 
      Stream str = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(icon); 

      return new Icon(str); 
     } 

     #endregion 

     #region Main Line 

     public static void Main() 
     { 
      // Create our form object 
      STLViewer stlViewer = new STLViewer(); 

      // Initialize D3D 
      if (stlViewer.InitializeDirect3D() == false) 
      { 
       MessageBox.Show("Could not initialize Direct3D.", "Error"); 
       return; 
      } 

      // Display our form 
      stlViewer.Show(); 

      // Main message loop 
      while (stlViewer.Created) 
      { 
       // Handle aall events here: keyboard, mouse, etc. 
       Application.DoEvents(); 
      } 
     } 

     #endregion 

     #region Rendering 

     /// <summary> 
     /// This function is the overloaded OnPaint method, which is responsible 
     /// for drawing our scene. 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <param name="e"></param> 
     protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) 
     { 
      // IF we have a forced switch to Solid mode switch to Wireframe 
      if (directXDevice.RenderState.FillMode == FillMode.Solid) 
      { 
       directXDevice.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.WireFrame; 
      } 

      // Clear the window to black 
      directXDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.Navy, 1.0f, 0); 

      // Disable culling 
      directXDevice.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None; 

      // Setup the camera for viewing 
      SetupCamera(); 

      // Begin the rendering process 
      directXDevice.BeginScene(); 

      // Set the vertext format 
      directXDevice.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format; 

      // Draw our vertices 
      directXDevice.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, stlFile.GetPolygons().Count, verts); 

      // End rendering and present the drawing to the screen 
      directXDevice.EndScene(); 
      directXDevice.Present(); 

      // Force our form to refresh its viewing area 
      this.Invalidate(); 
     } 

     /// <summary> 
     /// This function is responsible for creating the necessary 
     /// DirectX objects, setting the vertices and normals, colors 
     /// and/or materials for the object so we can draw it in the 
     /// form. 
     /// </summary> 
     private CustomVertex.PositionColored[] PrepareObjectForRender() 
     { 
      // List to hold our colored vertices 
      List<CustomVertex.PositionColored> vertices = new List<CustomVertex.PositionColored>(); 

      // List to hold our polygons, contained within the STL file 
      List<Polygon.Polygon> polygons = stlFile.GetPolygons(); 

      // Create a custom vertex that will be used to hold our vertices 
      CustomVertex.PositionColored custVert = new CustomVertex.PositionColored(); 

      // Iterate through our polygons and pulled a vertex list 
      for (int i = 0; i < polygons.Count; i++) 
      { 
       // Set the position and color of our 1st vertex in our polygon, add it to our list 
       custVert.Position = new Vector3((float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints1()[0], 
        (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints1()[1], (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints1()[2]); 
       custVert.Color = Color.YellowGreen.ToArgb(); 
       vertices.Add(custVert); 

       // Set the position and color of our 2nd vertex in our polygon, add it to our list 
       custVert.Position = new Vector3((float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints2()[0], 
        (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints2()[1], (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints2()[2]); 
       custVert.Color = Color.YellowGreen.ToArgb(); 
       vertices.Add(custVert); 

       // Set the position and color of our 3rd vertex in our polygon, add it to our list 
       custVert.Position = new Vector3((float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints3()[0], 
        (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints3()[1], (float)polygons[i].GetDoublePoints3()[2]); 
       custVert.Color = Color.YellowGreen.ToArgb(); 
       vertices.Add(custVert); 
      } 

      // Cast our list to an array of vertices 
      CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts = vertices.ToArray(); 

      return verts; 
     } 

     #endregion 

     #region Initialization & Configuration 

     /// <summary> 
     /// This function is responsible for initializing our Direct3D device. 
     /// </summary> 
     /// <returns>TRUE if successful, FALSE if not</returns> 
     private bool InitializeDirect3D() 
     { 
      bool retVal = false; 

      // TRY to create our Direct3D device 
      // CATCH and report any errors 
      try 
      { 
       #region Present Parameters 

       // Create a new PresentParameters object so our device knows how to display 
       PresentParameters pps = new PresentParameters(); 

       // Display in a windowed mode 
       pps.Windowed = true; 

       // After the current screen is draw, discard it from memory 
       pps.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; 

       // No Z (Depth) buffer or Stencil buffer 
       pps.EnableAutoDepthStencil = false; 

       // 1 Back buffer for double-buffering 
       pps.BackBufferCount = 1; 

       // Set our back buffer dimensions and format 
       pps.BackBufferHeight = 0; 
       pps.BackBufferWidth = 0; 
       pps.BackBufferFormat = Format.Unknown; 

       #endregion 

       // Create the new D3D Device and set our PresentParameters within 
       directXDevice = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, 
        CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, pps); 

       // Use wireframe as our drawing mode 
       directXDevice.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.WireFrame; 

       retVal = true; 
      } 
      catch (DirectXException e) 
      { 
       // Display our error message 
       MessageBox.Show(e.ToString(), "Error"); 
      } 

      return retVal; 
     } 

     #endregion 

     #region Camera 

     /// <summary> 
     /// This function is responsible for setting up the camera. 
     /// </summary> 
     private void SetupCamera() 
     { 
      #region View Matrix 

      // This is the camera location and is commonly referred to as the "eye point" 
      Vector3 eyeVector = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -500.0f); 

      // The Look At Vector defines the point that the camera is aimed at 
      Vector3 lookAtVector = new Vector3(0, 0, 0); 

      // The "up" direction is the positive direction on the y-axis 
      Vector3 upVector = new Vector3(0, 1, 0); 

      // Register our View Matrix so it can be used to place and aim our camera 
      directXDevice.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(eyeVector, 
       lookAtVector, upVector); 

      #endregion 

      #region Projection Matrix 

      //45 degree field of view 
      float fieldOfView = (float)Math.PI/4.0f; 

      //Typical aspect ratio is approximately 1.333... 
      float aspectRatio = (float)ClientSize.Width/ClientSize.Height; 

      // Register our Projection Matrix so it can be used for viewing items in 
      // front of the camera 
      directXDevice.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH(fieldOfView, 
       aspectRatio, 1.0f, 1000.0f); 

      #endregion 

      #region World Matrix 

      // Create a scaling matrix 
      Matrix scaleMatrix = Matrix.Scaling(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); 

      // World Matrix = Scaling Matrix 
      directXDevice.Transform.World = scaleMatrix; 

      #endregion 

      #region Lighting 

      // Enable/Disable lighting 
      directXDevice.RenderState.Lighting = false; 

      #endregion 
     } 

     #endregion 
    } 
}