Как преобразовать строки в столбец в SQL

Question

У меня есть таблица,

и нужно преобразовать его в

Я попытался стержень, но не могу понять, пожалуйста, помогите мне.

Answer 1

Pivot не работает с более чем одной колонкой вне коробки Есть несколько подходов для решения этой проблемы:

Используйте эту таблицу переменную для всех тестов и укажите ваши данные выборки всегда копировать» n'pasteable. Лучшим был MCVE (минимальный полный проверенный пример), где вы создали какой-то код, как здесь.

DECLARE @tbl TABLE(ID INT, Code INT,EmployeeName VARCHAR(100),ExamName VARCHAR(100),Board VARCHAR(100),Result VARCHAR(100)); 
INSERT INTO @tbl VALUES 
(11537,12984,'TheName','SSC','b04','1st') 
,(11537,12984,'TheName','HSC','b04','2nd') 
,(11537,12984,'TheName','BA(H)','u33','2nd'); 

Это код для первой конкатенации ваших данных в одну колонку. Это позволяет PIVOT:

SELECT p.* 
FROM 
(
    SELECT tbl.ID 
     ,tbl.Code 
     ,tbl.EmployeeName 
     ,'Exam_' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.ID ORDER BY tbl.Code) AS VARCHAR(100)) AS ColName 
     ,ExamName + ' (' + Board + '): ' + Result AS Concatenated 
    FROM @tbl AS tbl 
) AS t 
PIVOT 
(
    MIN(Concatenated) FOR ColName IN(Exam_1,Exam_2,Exam_3 /*add as many as you need*/) 
) AS p 

Результат:

11537 12984 TheName SSC (b04): 1st HSC (b04): 2nd BA(H) (u33): 2nd 

Следующий код делает совсем то же самое, но создает XML вместо обычного текста, что позволяет отделить ваши данные впоследствии:

SELECT p.ID 
     ,p.Code 
     ,p.EmployeeName 
     ,E1 
     ,E1.value('(/exam/@ExamName)[1]','varchar(100)') AS ExamName1 
     ,E1.value('(/exam/@Board)[1]','varchar(100)') AS Board1 
     ,E1.value('(/exam/@Result)[1]','varchar(100)') AS Result1 
     ,E2 
     ,E2.value('(/exam/@ExamName)[1]','varchar(100)') AS ExamName2 
     ,E2.value('(/exam/@Board)[1]','varchar(100)') AS Board2 
     ,E2.value('(/exam/@Result)[1]','varchar(100)') AS Result2 
     ,E3 
     ,E3.value('(/exam/@ExamName)[1]','varchar(100)') AS ExamName3 
     ,E3.value('(/exam/@Board)[1]','varchar(100)') AS Board3 
     ,E3.value('(/exam/@Result)[1]','varchar(100)') AS Result3 
FROM 
(
    SELECT tbl.ID 
     ,tbl.Code 
     ,tbl.EmployeeName 
     ,'Exam_' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.ID ORDER BY tbl.Code) AS VARCHAR(100)) AS ColName 
     ,(SELECT ExamName AS [@ExamName],Board AS [@Board],Result AS [@Result] FOR XML PATH('exam')) AS AsXML 
    FROM @tbl AS tbl 
) AS t 
PIVOT 
(
    MIN(AsXML) FOR ColName IN(Exam_1,Exam_2,Exam_3 /*add as many as you need*/) 
) AS p 
OUTER APPLY 
(
    SELECT CAST(p.Exam_1 AS XML) AS E1 
      ,CAST(p.Exam_2 AS XML) AS E2 
      ,CAST(p.Exam_3 AS XML) AS E3 
) AS CastedToXml 

Результаты:

11537 12984 TheName <exam ExamName="SSC" Board="b04" Result="1st" /> SSC b04 1st <exam ExamName="HSC" Board="b04" Result="2nd" /> HSC b04 2nd <exam ExamName="BA(H)" Board="u33" Result="2nd" /> BA(H) u33 2nd 

Это старомодный-стержень который довольно часто лучше, чем нормальный стержень:

;WITH Numberd AS 
(
    SELECT * 
      ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY tbl.ID ORDER BY tbl.Code) AS Number 
    FROM @tbl AS tbl 
) 
SELECT ID,Code,EmployeeName 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=1 THEN ExamName END) AS ExamName1 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=1 THEN Board END) AS Board1 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=1 THEN Result END) AS Result1 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=2 THEN ExamName END) AS ExamName2 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=2 THEN Board END) AS Board2 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=2 THEN Result END) AS Result2 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=3 THEN ExamName END) AS ExamName3 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=3 THEN Board END) AS Board3 
     ,MAX(CASE WHEN Number=3 THEN Result END) AS Result3 
FROM Numberd 
GROUP BY ID,Code,EmployeeName 

Последний вариант был динамический SQL ...

Answer 2

Thnak вы все, но моя цель решается с это

SELECT 
     he.Id,he.Code,he.Name EmployeeName,en.Name [ExamName],bu.Name   
     [Board],[Result] = CASE WHEN 
      ac.GPA IS NULL THEN ac.Result ELSE CAST(ac.GPA AS VARCHAR) END, 
     ac.PassingYear 
INTO #Temp 
FROM H_Employee AS he 
INNER JOIN 
     H_AcademicQualification AS ac ON ac.H_EmployeeId = he.Id 
INNER JOIN 
     ExamName AS en ON en.Id = ac.ExamNameId 
INNER JOIN 
     GroupSubject AS gs ON gs.Id = ac.GroupSubjectId 
INNER JOIN 
     BoardUniversity AS bu ON bu.Id = ac.BoardUniversityId 

Тогда

SELECT 
    a.id, a.Code, a.EmployeeName, a.ExamName, a.Board, a.Result, a.Passingyear, 
    b.ExamName, b.Board, b.Result, b.Passingyear, 
    c.ExamName, c.Board, c.Result, c.Passingyear, 
    d.ExamName, d.Board, d.Result, d.Passingyear 
FROM 
    (SELECT 
      Id, Code, EmployeeName ,ExamName = CASE WHEN 
       ExamName LIKE 'S.S.%' THEN 'S.S.C' END, 
      Board=Board ,[Result]=CASE WHEN 
       Result IS NULL THEN Result ELSE CAST(Result AS VARCHAR) END, 
      Passingyear 
    FROM #temp 
    WHERE ExamName LIKE 'S.S.%') AS a 
LEFT JOIN 
     (SELECT Id, Code, EmployeeName ,ExamName = CASE WHEN 
      ExamName LIKE 'H.S.%' THEN 'H.S.C' END, 
     Board=Board,[Result] = CASE WHEN 
      Result IS NULL THEN Result ELSE CAST(Result AS VARCHAR) END, 
     Passingyear 
     FROM #temp 
     WHERE ExamName LIKE 'H.S.%') AS b 
    ON a.Id=b.Id 
LEFT JOIN 
     (SELECT Id, Code, EmployeeName ,ExamName = CASE WHEN 
      ExamName LIKE 'B.%' THEN 'Graduate' END, 
     Board=Board, [Result] = CASE WHEN 
      Result IS NULL THEN Result ELSE CAST(Result AS VARCHAR) END, 
     Passingyear 
     FROM #temp 
     WHERE ExamName LIKE 'B.%') AS c 
    ON a.Id=c.Id 
LEFT JOIN 
     (SELECT Id, Code, EmployeeName, ExamName = CASE WHEN 
      ExamName LIKE 'M.%' THEN 'Post-Graduate' END, 
     Board=Board,[Result] = CASE WHEN 
      Result IS NULL THEN Result ELSE CAST(Result AS VARCHAR) END, 
     Passingyear 
     FROM #temp 
     WHERE ExamName LIKE 'M.%') AS d 
    ON a.Id=d.Id 

Выше запрос служит мне целям, но попробую @Shnugo Sample, в любом случае спасибо всем.